Nonprobability samples and self-selected group memberships are frequent aspects of "people data" that analysts must navigate to infer the proper conclusions. The application of randomization tests or ...

Randomization tests can be thought of as another way to examine data, and do not restrictive assumptions about populations. As a very quick example, suppose that you have two groups of scores. One ...

A statistics package with a variety of bootstrap and other resampling tools. This repository is synced to the same-named repository owned by GNU-Octave. It exists to facilitate publication of the ...

In this section we consider an experiment with two treatment levels. The N units in the study are randomly assigned to the treatments so that n1 of the units are assigned treatment 1 and the other n2 ...

As a randomized variable in nonresponders and relapsed patients to assess its value in the choice of second-line therapy. At study entry, to ascertain whether the in vitro sensitivity to treatment ...

Elsewhere I have discussed a study by Katz et al. (1990) that dealt with asking students to answer SAT-type questions without having read the passage on which those questions were based. (For non-U.S.

Background: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in observational studies. However, whether there is a causal association between them remains uncertain.