//(d ref ) bata raha hai ki d class ko copy kar raha hai x=ref.x; // yah bata raha hai ki, (x)ki jo value copy kiye hai (d class) se wah phir se x me store ho gaya hai (d(d ref )) me ...
A member initializer list is a special syntax in C++ that allows class members to be initialized directly before the constructor body executes. It is used in the constructor definition, right after ...