KEMPS TEST OR EXTENSION QUADRANT TEST FOR LUMBAR STENOSIS Next to the cluster of Cook that we saw yesteray, the Kemps or Extension Quadrant Test can be used to test out your hypothesis of lumbar spinal stenosis or to provoke the facet joints. The biomechanical reasoning behind it is that you are narrowing the intervertebral foramen on the effected side, by having you patient perform extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation. At the same time your are compressing the facet j

Reverse Pivot-Shift Test for Posterolateral Corner Injuries The posterior lateral corner, abbreviated as PLC is a complex area that involves many structures of which the Lateral Collateral Ligament, the popliteus tendon and the popliteofibular ligament are said to be the most important stabilizers. PLC Injuries often happen due to direct blows to the anterior medial knee, hyperextension, or non-contact varus stress injuries, and often occur together with ACL or PCL tears, with only 28% of PLC te

QUADRICEPS ACTIVE TEST FOR PCL TEARS The Quadriceps Active Test is usually a follow-up test for the posterior sag sign. In case of a posteriorly sagged tibia, a contraction of the quadriceps will lead to an anterior translation of the tibia of 2mm or more as the patellar ligament is slightly directed anterior. In a normal knee with 90° of flexion and with a tibia sticking out anteriorly about 1cm, the patellar ligament is slightly oriented posterior and contraction of the quadriceps does not res