🔴 Hypocalcemia: Diagnosis & Management ⤵️ 🔹 Diagnosis: Serum calcium <8.5 mg/dL (correct for albumin), measure PTH, vitamin D, Mg²⁺, phosphate. Causes: PTH-independent (e.g., vitamin D deficiency, CKD) or PTH-dependent (e.g., DiGeorge, hypoparathyroidism). 🔹 Features: Neuromuscular (tetany, Chvostek/Trousseau), cardiac (prolonged QTc), neuronal (seizures). 🔹 Management: Severe (<7.5 mg/dL or symptomatic): IV calcium gluconate (1-2 g/10-20 min). Mild: PO Ca²⁺ and calcitriol. Address cause; us