Montgomery algorithms represent a transformative advancement in the computation of modular arithmetic, specifically designed to bypass the costly division steps inherent in traditional methods. By ...

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Multiplication of two numbers is easy, right? At primary school we learn how to do long multiplication like this: Methods similar to this go back thousands of years, at least to the ancient Sumerians ...

Reversible circuits for modular multiplication Cx%M with x M arise as components of modular exponentiation in Shor's quantum number-factoring algorithm. However, existing generic constructions focus ...