When I was in elementary school, plastic models (or plamodel in short) of Mobile Suit Gundam were extremely popular. I loved Gundam myself. During my last few years of elementary school, I often drew ...

Schematic of an active cell membrane. In a typical active biological process, active proteins (shown in a variety of colors) in a cell membrane (shown in blue) interact with various biological ...

Biological processes that govern our lives are many, intertwined, and often difficult to understand. They involve countless ...

We established that Onsager’s principle of reciprocity is violated for the cell model of an ion–exchange membrane —the coupled cross kinetic coefficients are not equal. It is crucial when considering ...