Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in the vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important during the entire life of all ...

'Pathogen-associated molecular pattern' (PAMP) is the term generally used when referring to the molecules that elicit innate immune responses. As classically defined, PAMPs are evolutionarily ...

To enable cells to respond and adapt to their environment, they must be able to receive and process information (or "signals") that originate outside of the cell. Cell signaling – also sometimes ...

Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...

Yale School of Medicine (YSM) scientists have discovered a molecular difference in the brains of autistic people compared to ...