Vortexes are physical phenomena found throughout nature, including tornados and air turbulence, which is a vortex buildup process (Figure 1). Investigators have realized that turbulence is not a ...

The Vortex Particle Method (VPM), a meshless vortex flow simulation approach, is gaining traction for its efficient simulation of unsteady vortex wakes evolution that is shed by aircrafts, rotors and ...