From the early days of quantum mechanics, scientists have thought that all particles can be categorized into one of two groups — bosons or fermions — based on their behavior. “We determined that new ...

What Are Atmospheric Aerosols Exactly Aerosols refer to fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where ...

(a) Turbostratic (soot) particles (diameter 67 nm). (b) Onion-like particles (diameter 17 nm). (c) Amorphous particles (diameter 26 nm). (d) Trace amorphous particles (diameter 17 nm). The four ...

In the strange and fascinating world of quantum mechanics, particles have long been sorted into just two types: fermions and bosons. These labels help explain how matter forms and how forces work.

Harry Cliff receives funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). t.j.gershon@warwick.ac.uk receives funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). University of ...

A proton isn't just three quarks and gluons, but a sea of dense particles and antiparticles inside. The more precisely we look at a proton and the greater the energies that we perform deep inelastic ...

The quarks, antiquarks, and gluons of the standard model have a color charge, in addition to all the other properties like mass and electric charge that other particles and antiparticles possess. All ...