From the early days of quantum mechanics, scientists have thought that all particles can be categorized into one of two groups — bosons or fermions — based on their behavior. “We determined that new ...

There are several different types of radiation therapy. The type that may be recommended for you depends on a variety of factors, such as your cancer, its stage, and your treatment goals. Radiation ...

(a) Turbostratic (soot) particles (diameter 67 nm). (b) Onion-like particles (diameter 17 nm). (c) Amorphous particles (diameter 26 nm). (d) Trace amorphous particles (diameter 17 nm). The four ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. In the fall of 2022, a Princeton University graduate student named Carolina Figueiredo stumbled onto a massive coincidence. She ...

In the strange and fascinating world of quantum mechanics, particles have long been sorted into just two types: fermions and bosons. These labels help explain how matter forms and how forces work.

Harry Cliff receives funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). t.j.gershon@warwick.ac.uk receives funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). University of ...

Javier Duarte kicked off his scientific career by witnessing the biggest particle physics event in decades. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the laboratory CERN near Geneva announced the discovery of ...

The quarks, antiquarks, and gluons of the standard model have a color charge, in addition to all the other properties like mass and electric charge that other particles and antiparticles possess. All ...