Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a robust model for dissecting the fundamental mechanisms of innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions. Despite lacking an adaptive immune system, C. elegans ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The two major types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Whereas in UC inflammation ...

It was long believed that acquired immunity—a type of immunity mediated by T- and B-cells—had memory, meaning that it could learn from new pathogens, making subsequent reactions more effective, ...

Our immune systems are composed of many types of blood cells that protect us from viruses, bacteria and even cancer. These diverse cell types each perform distinct functions and must synergize to ...

Phospholipases PLA1, PLA2, PLC, and PLD hydrolyze phospholipids to produce corresponding lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Red arrows indicate the corresponding hydrolysis sites. B) Phospholipases ...