Heavy Steel Frames: Fabricated from hot-rolled steel sections, heavy steel frames are significantly thicker—often above 6 mm—and heavier. They are used in buildings where high load-bearing capacity is ...

This paper presents optimization methods to design frame structures from a stock of existing elements. These methods are relevant when reusing structural elements over multiple service lives. Reuse ...

This article presents a study of the wind-resistance and seismic behavior of steel frame elevator structures with square hollow section (SHS) members. The study was conducted by numerical analysis, it ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of brace models formulated in Drain 2DX and OpenSees by comparing the simulated results with those obtained from experimental tests. Both, ...

For over a century, wood pole structures have been used to support overhead powerlines. Over time, as the utility industry expanded, the basic wood pole structure has evolved, but regardless of ...