Abstract: At present the momentum of the automotive industry for light and heavy cargo is growing and one of its main factors in its structure are the crossbow springs, since the springs support ...

Abstract: In this paper, we study the pull-in effect for rectangular electrostatic torsion actuators by using analytical calculations that include the higher order effects of nonlinear spring bending.

Rigid steel tubing with flare and inverted flare fittings is the form of plumbing used on most vehicles. Fuel lines, brake lines, automatic transmission cooler lines and even some air-conditioning ...