This example demonstrates how to calculate the Christoffel symbols of the second kind for the spherical coordinate system using SymPy's diffgeom module. The result is a 3-dimensional array containing ...

Abstract: LiDAR sensors are commonly used to acquire 3D point cloud data in autonomous driving and robotics. Voxel-based 3D convolutional networks have been used for some time to extract features from ...

Spherical coordinates excel when dealing with regions defined by spheres or cones, or when the integrand contains expressions like √(x² + y² + z²). The transformation simplifies the geometry and often ...