The growth of large cities is often attributed to their proximity to exogenous, first-nature advantages. This column uses data on 450 Japanese cities to show that in fact, the regularity of ...

While the world economy is rapidly globalizing and the service sector is steadily growing, the population in Japan has been declining due to aging demographics combined with a low birthrate. The ...

The multi-level testing framework is designed across spatial relations, spatial scenes, and prompt engineering strategies, with standardized scripts ensuring normalization. Recently, the Journal of ...