Despite having Xcode 16.4 installed—which should support Metal 3.2—the MoltenVK runtime fails to compile shaders due to the use of -std=metal3.2, which appears to be rejected by the Metal compiler.
In minecraft, after enabling shaders, nothing can be seen except GUI. [16:54:16] [Client thread/ERROR] [net.optifine.shaders.SMCLog]: [Shaders] OpenGL error: 1282 (Invalid operation), program: ...