Abstract: In Japanese grammar, there are various Japanese sentence patterns with complicated usages. Learners of Japanese as a second language (JSL) feel that it is quite difficult to learn Japanese ...

〜してから、別のことをする。 (After doing one thing, you do another)。 例：ご飯を食べてから、寝ます。 (After I eat, I go to bed.) •〜ないで (〜naide): 〜しないで、別のことをする。 (Without doing something)。 例：朝ご飯を食べないで、会社に行きました。 (I went to the ...

Abstract: This work introduces the construction of a Japanese-Chinese bilingual corpus, aiming to help Chinese-speaking learners of Japanese as a second language (JSL) with their study of Japanese ...