Fast Atom Diffraction (FAD) and surface scattering techniques have emerged as pivotal methods for probing the atomic-scale architecture of material surfaces. This approach leverages the quantum ...

Electromagnetic scattering and diffraction analysis is a critical field that underpins our understanding of wave interactions with various obstacles and interfaces. This area of research encompasses ...

What is X-Ray Scattering? X-ray scattering is a powerful analytical technique used to probe the structure and properties of materials at the nanoscale. It involves directing a beam of X-rays at a ...

During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that can selectively probe molecular structures at surfaces and interfaces, but ...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique used to evaluate crystalline materials and determine their structural properties. As one of the most widely used ...