methods for causal inference using genetic variants chapter 1. 例. CRPが高い方が、(因果的に)心血管疾患になりやすいか？ 観察研究で、CRPが高い方が心血管疾患になりやすいことがわかっていた。しかし、年齢・性別その他交絡因子を調整すると関連は小さくなり、さらに ...

Observational studies have identified associations between hematological traits and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, it is difficult to infer causal effects due to the potential of confounding ...

Although numerous Mendelian randomization studies on risk factors have been conducted in male medicine, a systematic synthesis of these findings is still lacking. This review searched relevant ...

Researchers argue that, in some situations where machine-learning models are used to allocate scarce resources or opportunities, randomizing decisions in a structured way may lead to fairer outcomes.

Outcome-adaptive randomization is one of the possible elements of an adaptive trial design in which the ratio of patients randomly assigned to the experimental treatment arm versus the control ...