The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...

Between 1997 and 2017, India’s per capita national income increased more than four-fold. The pace of poverty reduction also accelerated, with a similar three-to fourfold increase in the rate of ...

Out-of-step protection is a critical component of modern power system protection schemes—its importance has grown ...