The problem of estimating the variance of the ratio estimator in sampling with probability proportional to aggregate size is investigated. The form of nonnegative unbiased variance estimators is found ...

Survey sampling and estimation methods form the cornerstone of modern statistical inference, underpinning research across the social, medical, and natural sciences. At their heart, these methods ...

PROC SURVEYSELECT provides a variety of methods for selecting probability-based random samples. With probability sampling, each unit in the survey population has a known, positive probablity of ...

Following 2017, the NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute carried out an experimental web/mail mixed-mode survey using probability sampling from the Basic Resident Register to validate its ...

This technical note covers household surveys with a focus on probability sampling, bias, and survey weights. It explains how households are selected in a representative way from a population for a ...

Why do pollsters make such a big deal about probability sampling? You'd think that choosing people to interview should be easy. Take three of these, four of those, and two of the other. But it's not.