When traversing strata characterized by highly developed karst formations, shield tunneling machines are susceptible to incidents such as head sinking, surface collapse, and water inrushes.

Pre-supported pipe roof grouting is difficult to be satisfied due to various influences, which may have an impact on its bearing characteristics. In order to determine the impact of grouting plumpness ...

Collapses at the tunnel face or unexpected high water inrushes are not uncommon experiences when tunnelling in geologically difficult ground like fault zones in Alpine terrain or tunnels with shallow ...