Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a novel artificial ...

Optimization is essential in real-life mechanical engineering problems that mostly are nonlinear, depend on mixed decision variables, and are usually subject to constraints. However, most of the ...

What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? Often, this phenomenon is due to the competition between forces of attraction and repulsion, produced by electric charges in ...

In 1930, a young physicist named Carl D. Anderson was tasked by his mentor with measuring the energies of cosmic ...