A file is a record within the storage device that holds data. Files are organized into hierarchies using directories. A directory is a location that can contain files as well as other directories.

This course introduces the tools and techniques of systems programming. We begin by exploring the UNIX/Linux/Ubuntu world including syscall programming (input/output programming, process management, ...

What is a programming language: Wikipedia defines a programming language as, “A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output.