The motion of plasma in the ionosphere is the result of forcing from neutral winds, electric fields, as well as the orientation of those fields and forces relative to the background magnetic field.

Abstract: Many popular spectral estimation methods, such as Prony, MUSIC, Linear Prediction etc., may fall into the same mathematic problem of extracting signal embedded within noise. In this paper, ...

Generates random unit vectors in spaces of increasing dimensionality (2D, 3D, and powers of 2 up to 2¹⁶) and analyzes their angular relationships. For each dimension: Generates 1000 random unit ...

The paper ‘Direct fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing transmission seeded by integrated optical vortex emitters’ by J Liu 1 has successfully demonstrated that different data-carrying vector modes can ...

Abstract: An orthogonal vector approach is proposed for the synthesis of multi-beam directional modulation (DM) transmitters. These systems have the capability of concurrently projecting independent ...

We demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, two-dimensional vector bending sensor based on orthogonal helical Bragg gratings inscribed in the cladding of a conventional single-mode fiber ...

Information obtained from a polarization pattern in the sky provides many animals like insects and birds with vital long-distance navigation cues. The solar vector can be derived from the polarization ...