Retinoscopy is an important part of objective refractive measurement. Traditional teaching is that on the visual axis retinoscopy should be performed to obtain accurate measurements. 1 The object of ...

This cross-sectional study was done on 68 eyes of 68 patients diagnosed with mild KCN. Objective dry retinoscopy using autorefractometer and subjective refraction measurements were performed. Sphere, ...

To prospectively examine whether using the visual image quality metric, visual Strehl (VSX), to optimise objective refraction from wavefront error measurements can ...

Subjective and objective refraction may produce significantly different measurements in patients with myopia and hyperopia. During subjective refraction, individuals with hyperopia reveal a preference ...

The PARK 1 ® combines a non-contact pachymeter, auto-refractometer and keratometer in one unit. In addition to the objective refraction, the keratometer values and the pachymetry can be determined ...

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Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . The question of delegating refraction has weighed heavily upon the optometric profession for many years. That ...