"""Returns the order of ``a`` modulo ``n``. The order of ``a`` modulo ``n`` is the smallest integer ``k`` such that ``a**k`` leaves a remainder of 1 with ``n``.

This hangs trying to factor the 891-bit integer p 2 - 1, which is longer than the longest solved RSA Challenge number. (As it happens, the hard part of this factorization is a 675-bit integer which is ...

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an order statistics-based unbiased homomorphic system to reduce multiplicative noise. The design of such a system is based on the probability density function (PDF) ...

Abstract: We will see that certain sequences of Heronian triangles, that is, triangles with sides of integer length and with integer area, occur in an unexpected way in the study of some specific ...