Abstract: Access modifiers allow Java developers to define package and class interfaces tailored for different groups of clients. According to the principles of information hiding and encapsulation, ...

In Java, access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, variables, and constructors. These modifiers are essential for implementing encapsulation — one of the ...

Abstract: Every element of a software architecture, e.g. a subsystem, package, or class, should have a well-defined interface that exposes or hides its sub elements according to the principles of ...