Half the bits are represented on the real axis and half the bits are represented on the imaginary axis. The in-phase and quadrature signals are independent level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) ...

Subscribe here to receive similar articles over e-mail whenever Krishna Pillai publishes an article on his site. The article compares various digital modulation schemes like BPSK, QPSK, PAM, 16PSK, ...

Abstract: This article introduces a transmitter (TX) array topology that employs QPSK direct-RF TX units for realizing scalable large-array wireless communication and multifunction systems. By ...

Abstract: As a matter of fact, digital modulation techniques such as Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) are very important for modern communication systems and are ...

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has been a fundamental component in the evolution of mobile connectivity. As the demand for faster data speeds and more efficient network utilization continues to ...