Understanding of any biological evolutions, such as speciation, adaptation behavior and biodiversity pattern, is based on a fundamental concept of fitness, in which natural selection implies the ...

An asymptotic expression is given for the probability integral of range for samples from a symmetrical unimodal population. Its accuracy is investigated for the case of a normal parent population and ...

REFERRING to Prof. H. C. Plummer's letter on “An Approximation to the Probability Integral,” published in NATURE of October 25, the following alternative way of ...

In response to the problem that the actual extent of coal mining impacts on the surface in thick loose layer mines significantly exceeds the theoretical predictions, based on the literature study, the ...

THE probability integral can be represented by the simple approximation over such a range (t<3) as to make the approximation useful to the statistician and others whose problems do not require great ...