Markov chains provide a fundamental framework for modelling stochastic processes, where the next state depends solely on the current state. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) extend this framework by ...

Finite mixture models and hidden Markov models (HMMs) occupy central roles in modern statistical inference and data analysis. Finite mixture models assume that data originate from a latent combination ...

The amino acid sequence of the transmembrane protein and its corresponding positions on the cell membrane are transformed into a hidden Markov process. After evaluating the parameters, the Viterbi ...