This communication presents experimental research findings on the application of the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and the African buffalo optimization (ABO) to implement the complex and fairly ...

Using a mobile stamen to slap away insect visitors maximizes pollination and minimizes costs to flowers, a study shows. For centuries scientists have observed that when a visiting insect's tongue ...

For centuries scientists have observed that when a visiting insect's tongue touches the nectar-producing parts of certain flowers, the pollen-containing stamen snaps forward. The new study proves that ...

It is well known that animal-pollinated plants usually offer nectar or pollen to reward vectors for pollen transfer. While nectar is a kind of sugar water, pollen is protein-rich, must-need nutrient ...

Sundarban Biosphere Reserve is one of the most important mangrove zones with a vast range of floral and faunal diversity. The present study explores the plant–pollinator relationship among four true ...