Flexural strength and stiffness are not basic material properties. They are the combined effects of a material’s basic tensile, compressive and shear properties. That is, when a flexural loading is ...

In my last column, I discussed uniaxial flexural strength testing of fiber-reinforced ceramics, that is, simple three- or four-point bending of a strip of material of rectangular cross section (see ...

Although plastics have only been used for around 100 years, they have become essential to everyday life. They are employed in almost every industry and application, including packaging, healthcare, ...

Highly developed universal testing machines and custom testing systems are of use in running tests and the determination of properties, for example breaking strength, ductility, elongation, fracture ...

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1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tampere, Finland. 2 Insight Technology Development and Consultancy, Kozyatağı, Istanbul, Türkiye. 3 Materials Science & Nano Engineering Program, ...