Electromagnetic (EM) Logging While Drilling (LWD) plays an increasingly significant role in oil and gas exploration and development. Fast and accurate simulation of EM LWD is essential for optimizing ...

ZTEM (Z-Axis Tipper Electromagnetic System) is a frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic exploration method that utilizes natural field sources. This method is highly efficient and capable of ...

This chapter discusses in detail the basic principles and formulations of the full‐vectorial finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method. It presents the basic idea of the FDTD method to solve Maxwell ...

Abstract: In this letter, a 2-D parameter-optimized spatial finite-difference temporal differential (SFDTD) method is presented, referred to as the PO-SFDTD method. First, the dispersion ...

We develop here a finite-difference approach for valuing a discretely sampled variance swap within an extended Black–Scholes framework. This approach incorporates the observed volatility skew and is ...

A new approach in the finite difference framework is developed, which consists of three steps: choosing the dimension of the local approximation subspace, constructing a vector basis for this subspace ...