Purpose – This study examines the convergence of energy diversification, financial development and per-capita income in OECD countries. Design/methodology/approach – The research employs the club ...

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The study employs a combination of club convergence tests, Granger causality tests, and panel regressions to analyse the evolution and interrelationships of energy diversification, financial ...

We document evidence of a U-shaped relationship between financial development and the adjustments of foreign exchange (FX) reserve holdings in response to a U.S. interest rate increase. Countries with ...