There are differences between private returns or costs and the costs or returns to society as a whole Consumption, production, and investment decisions of individuals, households, and firms often ...

CONSUMPTION, production, and investment decisions of individuals, households, and firms often affect people not directly involved in the transactions. Sometimes these indirect effects are tiny. But ...

Externalities are the incidental effects that the activities or actions of one party have on another party. Positive externalities occur when the actions of a person or entity have a positive impact ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. David Kindness is a Certified Public ...

The urgency to address corporate externalities—environmental, social, and health-related spill‑over costs—is intensifying. Hidden costs from pollution, resource depletion, and poor labor practices ...

Al Gore and David Blood’s op-ed “ESG Investing Is Consistent with Fiduciary Duty” (Nov. 9) includes two examples that highlight the best way to handle externalities, the economic term for costs ...

I agree with the main points you were making in the “immigrants and markets” post but, at the risk of being accused of demanding proctological exactitude, I think it’s worth clarifying the issue “of ...

To what extent does the digital world create a culture in which responsibility is denied or avoided, and what are the consequences of this failure to take ownership of a problem? Taking responsibility ...