Given \(f(x) = 3x + 2\), we are often asked to find \(f(2)\) or \(f( - 3)\). To do this we substitute \(2\) or \(- 3\) for \(x\). So, \(f(2) = 3(2) + 2 = 8\) and \(f ...

Exponential and logarithmic functions are mathematical concepts with wide-ranging applications. Exponential functions are commonly used to model phenomena such as population growth, the spread of ...

If you're feeling confident, try this more difficult example. Don't be worried if it looks hard, the process you go through is just the same as before. Replace \(x\) with the function and then ...

Functions are fundamental in mathematics, describing relationships between inputs and outputs. For instance, linear functions are used to describe proportional relationships such as calculating cost ...

Abstract: As a significant part of system modeling and control, parameter identification of continuous and discrete-time systems has been extensively studied in the past decades. However, most ...