Inductive proofs; the concept of ‘a posteriori’. Cosmological argument: St Thomas Aquinas’ first Three Ways – (motion or change; cause and effect; contingency and necessity). The Kalam cosmological ...

Formal logic helps us build and evaluate rational arguments, which helps us to test claims, explain our reasoning, and keep discussions clear. The first step in learning formal logic is learning about ...

Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to ...