Fumaric acid is a versatile dicarboxylic acid with applications spanning the food, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. Traditionally produced from petrochemical processes, recent endeavours have ...

Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnologies, yet it’s now driving some of the most cutting-edge innovations in health, nutrition, and sustainability. From therapeutic enzymes and precision ...

Xanthan gum is a microbial exopolysaccharide produced primarily through the fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris. Its exceptional rheological properties have established it as a vital component in a ...