In the world of data analysis and statistics, continuous and discrete data play fundamental roles. These two types of quantitative data serve different purposes as people use them to draw valuable ...

Sometimes we create data without even realizing it — sending a text message, posting a photo on Instagram or just browsing through various websites To put a number on it, in 2020, people generated 2.5 ...

At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...