IT is well established that hypertonic urine is produced in. the kidney by means of a countercurrent multiplier system and that the formation of such urine requires a hyper-osmotic medullary ...

The countercurrent mechanism within the nephron loop is a vital process that allows the kidneys to efficiently concentrate urine and conserve water. This intricate system relies on the unique ...

Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) can be defined as "a technique of chromatographic separation based on the partition of solutes between two different liquid ...

Developments in spectroscopic analysis and routine availability of X-ray crystallography have simplified structural elucidation of natural compounds. However, isolating bioactive components of ...