Abstract: Empirical research aims to establish generalizable claims from data. Such claims may involve concepts that must be measured indirectly by using indicators. Construct validity is concerned ...

There are many bodily functions that we take for granted because they operate outside of our momentary awareness unless something is awry. Although neuroscientists have studied the internal body ...

1 Department of English, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of English, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia The present study aimed to assess the ...

1. What is the difference between the reliability and validity of a measurement? The validity of a measure is the extent to which differences in scores on the instrument reflect true differences among ...

The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) is among the few bullying assessment instruments with well-established psychometric properties in different countries. Nevertheless, the ...

Introduction Triage systems are scales developed to rate the degree of urgency among patients who arrive at EDs. A number of different scales are in use; however, the way in which they have been ...