Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

When discussing learning transfer—the ability to apply previous knowledge, skills, and strategies to new contexts or situations—we should also be mindful of our learners’ cognitive load. Cognitive ...

Large language models are emerging as transformative tools in education, revolutionizing how students learn, create, and solve problems. Yet, alongside their undeniable benefits, a new challenge has ...

Brian W. Stone does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, the Leverhulme Foundation and the Lundbeck Foundation. Her research is conducted within the NIHR MedTech and In vitro diagnostic Co ...