First the data is converted into a binary string, divided into 6 bit chunks and stored. Each 6 bit chunk can be mapped to one of 64 possible values which are ASCII characters based on the base64 table ...
In the late 1930s, Claude Shannon showed that by using switches that close for "true" and open for "false," it was possible to carry out logical operations by assigning the number 1 to "true" and 0 ...