This mini-review mainly focuses on the fundamental problem of jet–jet/film impingement exhibiting superior fragmentation and atomization characteristics compared to single-jet injection; this has been ...

Soft actuation through droplet evaporation has significantly improved the actuation speed of methods that utilize liquid vaporization. Instead of boiling bulk liquid, this method implements ...

Understanding the atomization spray process is not only of academic interest but is also important to various industry applications such as combustion, coating, and chemical synthesis. Significant ...

In this paper the atomization character of the pressure-swirl injector was measured by using the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) in the section of 150 mm below the outlet of the orifice. The ...