For permission requests, please contact NEJM Reprints at [email protected] There are those, however, who believe that this approach is unsatisfactory because it is difficult to apply and often fails ...

Strong base is added to three different buffers and water and the effect on pH is observed.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.